Urine and Saliva Testing Information
Methods, requirements, detection times,
Requirements for all Urine samples:
HALF THE TEST IS PASSING THE URINE ANALYSIS
DRUG TEST METHODS
Information on how to pass a drug test subject for drug use; Urine, hair, saliva and blood. Before continuing, I must say that this text mainly applies to urinalysis. However, I try to cover all drug tests.
It would be helpful if people could somehow find out which test they are getting ahead of time. Though caution must be taken. Asking your boss whether you're getting an instant or lab test or whether the test is a urine, saliva or hair test would imply that you know too much, or seem too curious. There are laws against discriminatory hiring practices and you should know what your rights as an applicant are. Look to your State’s labor laws before going on that next big job hunt.. Most are printed online.
Instant Test Devices
Instant tests enable parents to test their children. This is the most convenient and widely test being used. Employers and court systems use the tests to determine if your specimen screens non-negative and needs further confirmation testing in a lab. These devices can be as simple as a simple one drug dip stick test or as advanced as a cup with the test strip and adulterant check built in. For the stick type of devices, the tester dips the test end of the device into the urine, waits 2-4 minutes, and reads the results. The results will be either negative or non-negative. For the cups, you are given a cup, with the test strip covered by a peal-off type of sticker. Some cups test a portion of the urine while keeping the remainder aside for confirmation at a lab if necessary. Instant devices were never meant to be a device to determine if someone was positive for a banned substance. They should only be used to determine if a substance needs further testing through the lab.
Immunoassay
This procedure is best described in Thein and Landry's word's:
Immunoassays use antigen-antibody interactions to detect illegal substances. Antibodies that bind selectively to certain drugs or drug metabolites are chosen, and the sensitivity and the specificity of this test are only as good as the antibody chosen. The binding is proportional to the amount of drug in the urine and can be detected through enzymes, radioisotopes, or fluorescent compounds. With this technique, very small amounts of drug can be detected in a very small amount of urine, although this test may not differentiate between specific drugs within a class of drugs. Immunoassay has yielded false-positive results with some decongestants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Most are 97-99% accurate and false negatives are more common than false positives. Improper storage and handling are the cause of most faulty instant devices. Don’t store them below 32 degrees or over 90 degrees for any extended period of time.
Gas Chromatography
Gas chromatography uses a separation technique to divide the urine extracts into the component parts. An inert gas carries the urine through chromatographic columns, and the samples are separated by their boiling temperature and by their affinity for the column. Compounds are identified by separation time, called retention time. The retention time is unique and reproducible for each drug in a given chromatographic column.
Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry
The most precise procedure for detection of banned substances is a combination of GC and MS. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a two-step process, where GC separates the sample into its constituent parts, while MS provides the exact molecular identification of the compounds. Compounds are separated by GC and are then introduced, one at a time, into a mass spectrometer. As the sample constituents enter the MS, they are bombarded by electrons, which cause the compound to break up into molecular fragments. The fragmentation pattern is reproducible and characteristic, and is considered the "molecular-fingerprint" of a specific compound. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is considered to be the most definitive method for confirming the presence of a drug in the urine and is approximately 100 to 1,000 times more sensitive than TLC. Selective ion monitoring has been used to improve the GC/MS results. This procedure is standard for any and all specimens sent to a lab that have screened non-negative during the screening process.
The GC/MS is typically used to confirm "non-negative" EMIT and immunoassay test results. GC/MS will indicate precisely what chemical is present. This is necessary because the EMIT & immunoassay are only indicators of whether something similar to what's being tested is present. The GC/MS is difficult and more costly, which is why the EMIT and immunoassay screenings are given first. (Hewlett Packard produces the GC/MS equipment, including computer, for about $50-75k depending on options.) Abstinence and substitution are the only ways to defeat the GC/MS test. GC/MS is very precise when done right. However, it's still subject to human error. Inaccurate results are very rare. Most laboratories used today are Department of Health and Human Services Certified. They have been through a rigorous and lengthy testing process and have been found to be below the standard cutoff for errors in testing and/or reporting.
1. Color
If a urine sample looks clear, the lab will suspect that it's watered down. They can not report it as positive, but they will do a conformation test to look closer at pH range, specific gravity, and creatinine content, if out of any of these levels are out of range they will reject the sample and inform your employer that you tried to beat the test. If this happens, the sample might as well be positive, because you won't get hired. Have your substitute donor take vitamin b complex before giving the urine sample. Fake-It has a natural color, vitamin B can have a florescent color.
2. Temperature
Urine should be collected between 91 and 99 degrees. NIDA certified labs will verify temperature. If out of temperature range you fail.
3. Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product of creatine, which is amino-acid contained in muscle tissue and it shows up in urine. Creatinine levels drop below normal when people dilute their urine, This tests is to ensure that the subject didn't drink unusual amounts of water or some "sucker clean". An *accurate* creatinine "clearance" test would require a urine and blood test 24 hours before the drug test to determine the normal creatinine level for that individual, this is almost never done so a guideline of 5 (ng/ml). l has been set as a low point .Detox Drinks flush and dilute the specific gravity and creatine levels.
4. pH
pH: Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. Values below pH 4.0 or above pH 9.0 are indicative of adulteration. pH is often changed when people spike their sample with household products or masking agents. Use caution when doping urine, pH will be tested for.
5. Specific Gravity
Random urine may vary in specific gravity from 1.003-1.030. Normal adults with normal diets and normal fluid intake will have an average urine specific gravity of 1.016-1.0227. Elevated urine specific gravity value may be obtained in the presence of moderate quantities of protein. DOT guidelines1 state that a urine specimen with specific gravity level of less than 1.003 is an indication of adulteration.
An unusual specific gravity indicates that a sample has been tampered with. When you drink too much water, sucker clean or add water to a sample the specific gravity will crash. they will do a dilution conformation test to look closer at pH range, specific gravity, and creatinine content, if out of range they will reject the sample.
A Note on Commercial Products
Goldenseal (c)
Goldenseal is a plant and you can get either the root or the leaves in pill form. It's also a liquid or tea. The liquid is rumored to absorb slower than the capsules. Goldenseal is a diuretic, but works no better than other diuretics. Furthermore, NORML reports that Goldenseal is now being tested for. Taking Goldenseal is a foolish waste. Goldenseal has shown to work on occasion. However, some labs are reportedly testing for Goldenseal. Goldenseal is very unreliable, and California NORML advises against using it. Goldenseal (as a screen) only works on the TLC test, which is not used anymore.
Puri-Blend (c)
Puri-Blend is claimed to "block" metabolites from entering the bloodstream and to "neutralize" all drugs in the urine. I don't believe it myself.
Test PanelsThe Stuff (c)
The Stuff is claimed to absorb toxins in the body and block detection of true and false positives.
Certa or Certo:
This is an untested diuretic. Certa "has something to do with canning. Some people swear by it. Trouble is, it's always somebody else, a third party not present during the conversation, who uses it" . I've heard rumors about people who smoked right up to the day before the test, consumed fruit pectin (a canning substance similar to Certa), and passed the test. However, there hasn't been any tests to validate those claims. Will someone with a lab at their disposal please test this stuff?Vinegar:
There is a myth that drinking vinegar will mask drugs; it won't. However, vinegar lowers the pH of urine. Amphetamines are excreted up to 3 times as fast when urine is acidified. So vinegar could reduce the detection time period for amphetamines. The effects on detection time are generally insignificant, and it in my opinion it really wouldn't be worth it to drink vinegar. If you do decide to drink vinegar, I hear it's easiest to get a shot glass and do it in shots. It will cause diarrhea.
Niacin :Niacin wont pass a drug test it has been shown to work on occasion. Byrd Labs tests conclude that niacin doesn't work at all. In other words, something else probably caused a negative, not the niacin.
Doping Samples ( Additives )
"Doping" samples consist of spiking the sample with different chemicals. Chemicals that defeat immunoglobulin/antigen binding will cause a false negative on the EMIT. Most of these additives only work on the standard EMIT screening, not on RIA or GC/MS tests. I should also add that you may be watched, so don't rely on this method. You should be able to find out ahead of time if you will be supervised. Some of the following additives alter the urine's pH, and most labs now test the pH to see if the sample has been adulterated.. Additives are illegal in a number of states and are commonly tested for, don't waste your money, read the facts.
In addition to the federally mandated NIDA panel, Quest Diagnostics offers a variety of test panels and cut off levels, which can be combined with TestSure™ adulterant testing. Adulterant testing detects substances (either added to the urine specimen or ingested) that are promoted as "cleansing agents" to prevent the detection of drug use.
Ineffective Additives
Quest Diagnostics, a leading provider of drug-test services, detects about 360,000 adulterated tests each year, roughly one of every 100 exams it handles nationwide. All test as of 2001 are looking for adulterants ( Urine Sample Additives)
Glutaraldehyde: Glutaraldehyde is not a natural component of human urine and it should not be present in normal urine. The presence of glutaraldehyde in the urine sample indicates the possibility of adulteration. However, false positive may result when ketone bodies are presence in urine. Ketone bodies may appear in urine when a person is in ketoacidosis, starvation or other metabolic abnormalities.
Nitrite: Although nitrite is not a normal component of urine, nitrite levels of up to 3.6mg/dl may be found in some urine specimens due to urinary tract infections, bacterial contamination or improper storage. In the PREMIER CHEK™, nitrite level above 7.5mg/dl is considered abnormal.
Oxidants: The presence of oxidizing reagents in the urine is indicative of adulteration since oxidizing reagents include bleach, Hydrogen Peroxide, Pyridinium Chlorochromate, etc.
Glutaraldehyde, nitrites, and Pyridinium Chlorochromate are very common masking and oxidation agents used by all the common products and are now tested with even basic on site test.
UrinAid (c) - Urine luck
UrinAid, works most of the time for masking pot and nicotine, but not cocaine or heroin. They have recently developed a test solely to detect UrinAid. UrinAid is tested for in 75% of the labs. We at Pass it Submitted samples spiked with it and others and they failed .
Bleach
Chlorinated bleach will test negative, and it's the best household additive. In an emergency, Jeff Nightbyrd recommends adding unscented bleach crystals to a diluted sample. It's recommended to grind the powdered bleach to a finer grain. 1/4 teaspoon is recommended for a 60cc sample. For liquid bleach, add six to ten drops. Bleach will throw the pH outside the normal body range; so it may be apparent that the sample was tampered with. Some bleaches foam or leave residue, so experiment with different brands before selecting which to use.
Klear (c)
Klear is a powdered additive. Jeff Nightbyrd currently endorses Klear. It is the most advanced and least detectable. Klear will clear up THC metabolites, as well as nicotine byproducts on the EMIT. If methamphetamines are present, Klear won't help. Klear is only designed to work on the EMIT. It will also work on the RIA when there is a good time span between the urine getting spiked, and getting tested. Again it wont pass a gc/ms test.
Water:
You can dilute your sample heavily with water. Don't confuse this with drinking water; you can also add water directly to the sample. Be sure to use hot water (between 91 and 97 degrees), they will take the temperature of the sample. This method isn't dependable because facilities have the sink water shut off so people can't do this. If you going to sneak it in you should just sneak the whole sample in a temp. controlled pass-it- kit.
Ammonia:
Two ounces will render the sample negative. The pH is altered, and the ammonia odor is strong enough to be recognized.
Draino:
Draino is NOT recommended because it doesn't work well even when half a teaspoon is added. It colors the sample blue, and will put the pH outside the normal body range. Draino foams, and leaves metal specs that must be removed.
Hydrogen Peroxide:
Industrial grade will destroy half the THC metabolites. Household strength hydrogen peroxide does nothing. 30% H2O2 may "oxidize the THC metabolite into something that would not react in the screening test and would show up as something different by GC/MS" (anon1).and thus fail.
Vinegar:
Adding vinegar to your sample will test negative, but also drops the ph. In fact, lowering the ph is what causes the sample to test negative. "If the urine is extremely acidic or alkaline the antigen-antibody reaction will proceed at a slower rate which COULD produce a false negative" (anon1). This method is not recommended because if you are lucky and lower the ph enough to produce a negative, you will fail the ph test.
Substitution
This method works for every urine test, every time (provided that some conditions are met). You simply give them clean urine (not yours). This works very well if you're not supervised. If you are going to be supervised, try to talk them out of it even though we have clients who say when done smoothly they don't notice -thus the one handed use. Even if they don't watch you they can still mark the form for suspicion and the test will get a 2nd verification test, (this usually happens when you are noticeably smuggling an object, take too long or have a sample that is clear.) Use a trusted donor or use the Fake-It Puedo-urine in the pass it kit and you will pass every time. ANYTIME !
Parents and Teachers for a Drug-Free Education Act of 2004
School Receive Funding to test kids
Pass Urine, saliva, and hair testing
THC is the hardest to detox because THC is fat soluble, and it gets stored in your fat cells. Cleaning it out of your lipid tissue is very difficult. Many flushing drinks and herbal products claim to clean out your system, yet they do nothing to remove THC byproducts from fat cells. A study was done in Germany in 1993 on 50 of the most common herbs used by people trying to pass the test. All 50 herbs failed to cause a negative. Unfortunately, this rumor will not die. Goldenseal (plant) is useless; yet it's the most common thing for people to use. The only way to extract THC from fat cells is to exercise. Fat cells secrete fat with THC metabolites at a constant rate, regardless of what herbs you consume. You may be able to temporarily clean THC metabolites from your bloodstream, or dilute your fluids to yield a larger urine/THC ratio, but your bloodstream will continue collecting THC metabolites from fat. Your urine will continue collecting THC metabolites from your bloodstream. Currently, 50 nanograms of THC metabolites per millimeter of urine defines a "presumptive positive" by NIDA certified labs. These cutoffs are not mandated for all testing facilities. The lab your sample is sent to may use a cutoff level of anywhere from 50Ng/ml to 15Ng/ml for confirmation testing, The fact is, methodology, accuracy and cutoff levels vary from lab to lab. This makes it extremely difficult to take appropriate counter-measures. One thing is certain though: urine testing done properly is very accurate and can reliably detect adulterants and detoxifiers
DRUG TESTING DETECTION TIMES
Drug tests detect drugs as well as metabolites. Metabolites are the byproducts of a substance after it has run through your system. To determine whether you will pass or not, it is important to know how much of the illicit metabolites are in your urine and how much is tested for. Usually marijuana tests will have a cutoff of 50ng/mL. That is the standard in the industry. You might run across the occasional test that has a lower cutoff level (Level of Detection, [LOD]), Home testing can tell you whether your level at the time of the test is above or below the 50ng/mL level, but it will not tell you the exact level of THC metabolites in your system.
Detection times of several drugs.
Amphetamines 2-4 days Barbiturates
Short-Acting (i.e. secobarbital)
Long-Acting (i.e. phenobarbital)
1 day 2-3 weeksBenzodiazepines 3-7 days Cannabinoids 3-30 days Clenbuterol [PE] 2-4 days [F1] Cocaine 2-4 days Codeine 2-5 days Euphorics (MDMA,psilocybin) 1-3 days [F2] LSD 1-4 days [F6] Methadone 3-5 days Methaqualone 14 days Nicotine ? [F5] Opiates 2-4 days Peptide hormones [PE] undetectable Phencyclidine (PCP) 2-4 days [F4] Phenobarbital 10-20 days Propoxyphene 6 hours to 2 days When using a urinary drug test, the best time to determine the presence of drugs is by testing the first urine of the morning, as it is the most concentrated and will yield the most accurate results. The following chart indicates the time period drugs will stay in the body depending on factors such as degree of usage, a person’s metabolism and individual body weight. The detection periods are applicable to both urinary and saliva drug tests.
Half-Life of THC:
The half-life of THC concentration ranges between 0.8 to 9.8 days. There is too much human variation to even approximate how long THC will be detected in the urine of an individual. Infrequent users with a fast metabolism will have the shortest detection time. Frequent users with a slow metabolism will have long detection times. The only way to estimate a detection time is to consider the lower and upper bounds (5-30 days), and decide based on the factors I've mentioned.Test Standards and Accuracy:
The accuracy of drug testing is an area where I've decided to neglect all statistics. Those who oppose drug testing provide numbers indicating a high level of false positives. Those who favor drug testing provide numbers indicating high levels of accuracy. The fact is that accuracy varies widely from lab to lab. Generally speaking, NIDA labs are accurate. Clinton writes:
NIDA (The National Institute of Drug Abuse) is the government organization responsible for regulating the drug-testing industry. The vast majority of urine drug screens done these days conform to NIDA specs, and ALL testing associated with the government (department of transportation, etc.) complies with the NIDA standard. It is NIDA that decides what the "safe" cutoffs are to avoid false positives.... Despite what you might hear on the net, urinalysis, if done correctly, is a very accurate scientific procedure. I know of no labs that simply report the results of the initial EMIT screening without confirming the sample on GC/MS. The fact is, labs WANT you to test negative, because then they only have to run an EMIT test on your urine (a few cents). If you test positive, they must then confirm the positive result on GC/MS, which is considerably more expensive. Not all labs are NIDA/CAP certified. Some labs do not properly and thoroughly clean the GC/MS equipment. Some labs don't even do a GC/MS confirmation! Some labs use cheap alternative methods to reduce expenses. Many human errors occur in labs and cause inaccurate results. Some are careless or irresponsible errors, and some errors are accidents. Human error can ruin the results of ANY test, screening or confirmation GC/MS.
Saliva testing
Detection levels for saliva drug testing is set at very low levels and are more likely to catch some one who use frequently or more recently as urine will detect after a longer period .Oral fluid testing is less likely to detect after 4 days.
Initial Testing Cutoffs:
Per ml. of preservative fluid
Confirmation Cutoffs:
Per ml. of preservative fluid
* as THCA
** as THC
How to pass a hair follicle drug test or pass drug test with synthetic urine, testing information and facts
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